In this experiment, students examine both the threshold current for lasing and the wavelength as a function of laser temperature. The Wavelength is measured using a spectrometer. Students also observe mode hopping in the laser. With the grating feedback, students can observe the laser's wavelength stability, the frequency sweep, and the sweep interruptions due to mode hopping. It is also possible to change the external cavity length and measure its effect.

Download: DiodeLaser.pdf

The main goal of this experiment is to measure the spectra of hydrogen and deuterium using a grating spectrometer, and from the measured isotope shift determine the proton-deuteron mass difference.

Download: HydroDeuterium.pdf

Using optical tweezers you will determine the forces of a Brownian particle.

Download: Brownian Motion.pdf

Video explaining the optical trapping experiment: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13VXGX2yR3k

In this experiment, a simple and inexpensive technique is used to measure the change of magnetic susceptibility of a nickel slug as it undergoes a phase transition from being ferromagnetic to only being paramagnetic. The temperature of this transition is also measured.

Download: MagSusceptibility.pdf

When the 57Co nucleus decays into 57Fe, it emits a 14.4 keV photon that causes significant recoil in the emitting nucleus. The energy of the emitted gamma ray is reduced by this recoil energy. However, if the Cobalt is placed in a crystalline lattice that meets certain conditions, this recoil can be prevented entirely, and photons with incredibly precise energies can be generated. In this experiment, students use the phenomenon of Resonance Fluorescense and the Doppler shift to explore these highly accurated photons.

Download: Mossbauer.pdf

The main goal of this experiment is to measure the lifetime of the muon. Positively charged muons incident as cosmic rays are detected and stopped in a slab of aluminum. The the positrons that result from the decay of these muons are also detected. The lifetime of the muon is determined from the distribution of delay times between muon and positron detection.

Download: Muon Lifetime.pdf

A charged particle with spin has both angular momentum and magnetic moment. If a constant magnetic field is applied and the particle's magnetic moment is displaced from the direction from the magnetic field, the particle will precess about the magnetic field at what is known as the Larmor frequency. If a magnetic field rotating at the Larmor frequency is then applied, the particle will experience a constant magnetic field in its rotating reference frame, and it will precess about that field as well. Using this technique to orient the spins of nuclei in various samples, students explore the mechanics of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.

Download: PulsedNMR.pdf

Students learn how to polarize a gas using basic optical pumping techniques. The gas used in this experiment is Rubidium because its electronic structure closely approximates that of Hydrogen and so it is theoretically well understood.

Download: Optical Pumping Black.pdf

Download: Optical Pumping Controls.pdf

Download: Optical Pumping Intro.pdf

In this experiment you will use a simple method of using a relay to produce a very fine wire. The relay is a switch consisting of two metal pads that can be in contact or separated. As the switch is opened one or several "necks" may form. For a brief period, before it breaks, the "neck" forms a very narrow wire and may display quantised conductance.

Download: Quantized Conductance

Download: Manual by Beck

Download: Comparing measurments by Beck

Download: Quantum Optics of Photon Pairs

Download: Correleated Photon Experiments by Enrique Galvez

Below video link on how to set it up,

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhJtL97VNEI&feature=youtu.be

The goal of this experiment is to measure the momentum of relativistic electrons. An adjustable magnetic field is used to direct electrons emitted from a radioactive source along a semi-circular path of known radius; the electron momentum spectrum is determined by measuring the number of electrons detected as a function of magnetic field strength.

Download: RelEMomentum.pdf

the goal of this experiment is to verify the Rutherford formula for nuclear scattering. Students will measure the distribution of alpha particls scattered by a gold foil as a function to scattering angle, and compare their results with the theory developed around 1913 by E. Rutherford and his students H. W. Geiger and E. Marsden.

Download: Rutherford.pdf