This experiment is similar to the work of James Frank and Gustav Hertz, which provided further evidence of quantized electron energy levels.

Download: FrankHertz.pdf

In this experiment, students will verify several equalities within magnetism. They will also be able to draw some parallels between magnetism on the macro scale and quantum mechanics. Angular momentum is also discussed.

Download: MagTorque.pdf

In this experiment, students measure the photoelectric effect as a function of the voltage supplied to a mercury lamp, which produces photons that strike a vacuum diode. The current is measured to find how many electrons are freed. Quantum mechanics and the wave-particle duality of light are discussed.

Download: Photoelectric.pdf

In this experiment the student will observe diffraction of a thin collimated monoenergetic electron beam that has been diffracted by planes of atoms in polycrystalline graphite. By using Bragg's law and the de Broglie relationship, the distances between atomic planes in the crystal can be determined.

Download: EDiffraction.pdf

This experient exposes students to the interferometer, which was used to disprove the existence of ether. We split a beam of light with a half silvered mirror and then recombine the two beams to show an interference pattern on a screen. In the experiment we measure the wavelength of the light source and index of refraction of the material which is in this case, air.

Download: MInterferometer.pdf

Robert Millikan reported in 1910 a method for measuring the charge e, of a single electron by monitering th motion of a droplet of oil suspended in a chamber and subjected to an electrical force. In the laboratory, the student will perform this experiment.

Download: Millikan.pdf